
<table style="text-align:center"><tr><td colspan="13" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td><strong>Interruptions (All) Original</strong></td><td><strong>Procedural Interruptions Original</strong></td><td><strong>Aggressive Interruptions Original</strong></td><td><strong>Interruptions (All) Pre 1998</strong></td><td><strong>Procedural Interruptions Pre 1998</strong></td><td><strong>Aggressive Interruptions Pre 1998</strong></td><td><strong>Interruptions (All) Post 1998 pre 2007</strong></td><td><strong>Procedural Interruptions Post 1998 pre 2007</strong></td><td><strong>Aggressive Interruptions Post 1998 pre 2007</strong></td><td><strong>Interruptions (All) Post 2009</strong></td><td><strong>Procedural Interruptions Post 2009</strong></td><td><strong>Aggressive Interruptions Post 2009</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td><strong>Model 1</strong></td><td><strong>Model 2</strong></td><td><strong>Model 3</strong></td><td><strong>Model 4</strong></td><td><strong>Model 5</strong></td><td><strong>Model 6</strong></td><td><strong>Model 7</strong></td><td><strong>Model 8</strong></td><td><strong>Model 9</strong></td><td><strong>Model 10</strong></td><td><strong>Model 11</strong></td><td><strong>Model 12</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Woman</td><td>-0.271<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.428<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.046</td><td>0.051</td><td>0.002</td><td>0.285<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.348<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.677<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.296<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.357<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.442<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.023</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.030)</td><td>(0.046)</td><td>(0.081)</td><td>(0.064)</td><td>(0.156)</td><td>(0.130)</td><td>(0.052)</td><td>(0.170)</td><td>(0.132)</td><td>(0.046)</td><td>(0.051)</td><td>(0.179)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ideological Extremism</td><td>0.068<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.065<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.039</td><td>0.072<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.025</td><td>-0.042</td><td>0.041<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.072</td><td>-0.056</td><td>0.110<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.112<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.092</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.025)</td><td>(0.032)</td><td>(0.021)</td><td>(0.050)</td><td>(0.048)</td><td>(0.018)</td><td>(0.051)</td><td>(0.047)</td><td>(0.034)</td><td>(0.037)</td><td>(0.138)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Committee Chair</td><td>-0.090<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.255<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.165<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.217<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.446<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.344<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.017</td><td>-0.244<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.208<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.188<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.241<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.288</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.027)</td><td>(0.049)</td><td>(0.073)</td><td>(0.051)</td><td>(0.129)</td><td>(0.116)</td><td>(0.040)</td><td>(0.119)</td><td>(0.110)</td><td>(0.056)</td><td>(0.062)</td><td>(0.208)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Seniority</td><td>0.085<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.070<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.048<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.087<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.029</td><td>-0.030</td><td>0.075<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.020</td><td>0.066<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.133<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.115<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.102</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.008)</td><td>(0.017)</td><td>(0.019)</td><td>(0.018)</td><td>(0.041)</td><td>(0.038)</td><td>(0.009)</td><td>(0.027)</td><td>(0.024)</td><td>(0.028)</td><td>(0.030)</td><td>(0.105)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">National MC</td><td>0.218<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.231<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.385<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.247<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.489<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.580<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.172<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.180</td><td>0.249<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.305<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.219<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.504<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.024)</td><td>(0.045)</td><td>(0.057)</td><td>(0.044)</td><td>(0.096)</td><td>(0.092)</td><td>(0.041)</td><td>(0.137)</td><td>(0.095)</td><td>(0.057)</td><td>(0.062)</td><td>(0.193)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Same Party as Leg. Pres.</td><td>-0.173<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.203<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.316<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.166<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.597<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.474<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.131<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.066</td><td>-0.254<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.190<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.146<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.263</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.023)</td><td>(0.039)</td><td>(0.066)</td><td>(0.045)</td><td>(0.126)</td><td>(0.114)</td><td>(0.036)</td><td>(0.103)</td><td>(0.096)</td><td>(0.044)</td><td>(0.048)</td><td>(0.182)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Speeches during Debate</td><td>-0.035<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.022</td><td>-0.151<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.030</td><td>-0.196<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.091</td><td>-0.068<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.276<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.183<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.042</td><td>0.155<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.701<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.020)</td><td>(0.038)</td><td>(0.050)</td><td>(0.029)</td><td>(0.067)</td><td>(0.062)</td><td>(0.035)</td><td>(0.098)</td><td>(0.090)</td><td>(0.050)</td><td>(0.054)</td><td>(0.261)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Mean Length of MC Speech</td><td>-0.021<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.019<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.041<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.025<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.067<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.032<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.025<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.0004</td><td>-0.052<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.110<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.113<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.021</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.002)</td><td>(0.005)</td><td>(0.005)</td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.009)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.007)</td><td>(0.008)</td><td>(0.018)</td><td>(0.019)</td><td>(0.069)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election Year</td><td>0.164<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.153<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.049<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.172<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.082<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.057<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.136<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.206<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.036<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.220<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.256<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.090<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.004)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.004)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.005)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.009)</td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.038)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Negative Language (Speech)</td><td>0.018<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.061<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.019<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.018<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.077<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.028<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.017<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.037<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.007</td><td>0.032<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.066<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.039</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.004)</td><td>(0.007)</td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.007)</td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.014)</td><td>(0.017)</td><td>(0.015)</td><td>(0.016)</td><td>(0.066)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Topic: Women</td><td>0.051</td><td>0.341<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.290<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.089</td><td>0.827<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.222</td><td>0.047</td><td>0.690<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.130</td><td>0.046</td><td>0.221<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.426</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.042)</td><td>(0.055)</td><td>(0.139)</td><td>(0.102)</td><td>(0.169)</td><td>(0.244)</td><td>(0.078)</td><td>(0.161)</td><td>(0.212)</td><td>(0.058)</td><td>(0.062)</td><td>(0.280)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>-2.867<sup>***</sup></td><td>-4.647<sup>***</sup></td><td>-4.427<sup>***</sup></td><td>-2.889<sup>***</sup></td><td>-3.827<sup>***</sup></td><td>-4.475<sup>***</sup></td><td>-2.050<sup>***</sup></td><td>-5.223<sup>***</sup></td><td>-3.414<sup>***</sup></td><td>-2.966<sup>***</sup></td><td>-3.662<sup>***</sup></td><td>-3.661<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.045)</td><td>(0.098)</td><td>(0.113)</td><td>(0.061)</td><td>(0.123)</td><td>(0.130)</td><td>(0.051)</td><td>(0.147)</td><td>(0.113)</td><td>(0.121)</td><td>(0.136)</td><td>(0.411)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>105333</td><td>105333</td><td>105333</td><td>53606</td><td>53606</td><td>53606</td><td>38834</td><td>38834</td><td>38834</td><td>12893</td><td>12893</td><td>12893</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="13" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="13" style="text-align:left"><sup>***</sup>p < .01; <sup>**</sup>p < .05; <sup>*</sup>p < .1</td></tr>
</table>
